The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the INTERNET.  Today we tend to take the INTERNET for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the INTERNET.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the INTERNET, since Popper died before the INTERNET came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the INTERNET.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the INTERNET.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the INTERNET age. Teaching in the INTERNET age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

One of the topics that have been discussed after the industrial revolution and the increase of human ability in the production of goods and services and attention to human RIGHTS is consumer RIGHTS and it also needs to be developed with the updating of new technologies. The INTERNET of Things (IoT) is one of these technologies which has a strong relationship with consumer RIGHTS due to the lack of direct human control over it and its influence in various aspects and dimension of human life. Accordingly, the basic question of this research is about the nature, content and examples of consumer RIGHTS in the field of INTERNET of Things. The method of data collection in this study is library method that is accompanied by description and analysis of viewpoints and to achieving to an appropriate definition of INTERNET of Things and consumer RIGHTS and then determining the nature, instances (examples) and content of consumer RIGHTS in the field of IoT is the purpose of this research. The INTERNET of Things is a service based on INTERNET that provides a connection between humans and objects or even animals on the INTERNET. It is in this context that the various uses of this technology are realized and occurred and as a result, the issue of consumer RIGHTS becomes meaningful in it. The dimensions and aspects of consumer RIGHTS in the field of IoT are more complex than other cases due to its nature and include dimensions and aspects such as security, health, awareness etc., which are mainly mentioned in the Law of Iran in general and as a result, they can be used for the INTERNET of Things. Some, such as freedom of choice, right of ownership and the right to data portability, etc., should be considered by the legislature for utilization of these dimensions and aspects of consumer RIGHTS. Some others cannot enter into its content due to the nature of this right.

The newest and biggest legal challenge facing the virtual space is the type of facing people's right to access this space. With the presence of many children in this space, the possibility of these people becoming victims increases, and on the other hand, in some cases, these children commit crimes with damages that are almost impossible to cause by them in traditional crimes, so the legislator must first Examine the access of children and teenagers to cyber space. In this research, the violation of the RIGHTS of children and teenagers as a result of their access to cyberspace will be discussed with emphasis on the violation of their RIGHTS in education, and this question will be considered that the right of access of children and teenagers to cyberspace causes the violation of their RIGHTS. ? The results of the research show that violation of the right to health, violation of the right to education, and violation of the right to privacy will be among the effects of children's unrestricted access to the INTERNET and virtual space.

Some people believe that some persons who breach Social Norms or commit a crime must be under some harder limitations in the society and they are not entitled to have all the Human RIGHTS. But, we must deny this belief. Because, the right of the society to perform. Some restrictive provisions against the offenders do not mean that the society has the right to deprive them of Human RIGHTS, but also. The society has a duty of respecting these RIGHTS.One of the social groups, are the persons, who are labeled of addiction. This label, irrespective of Legal effects, because of society's negative opinion on addicts, in itself, is restrictive and when we consider it criminal, the limitations become twofold.The case in this essay is, if the legislator is right to deprive the addicts from Human RIGHTS Have Iranian Legislators respected addicts Human RIGHTS? How much? If not, why? Or the legislator, in practice, these RIGHTS and the provisions are not in contradiction with Human RIGHTS.

Controlling the INTERNET has for a long time been the privilege of academics in the USA. However, with the evolution of the INTERNET as the world communication medium of the 21st century and the world-wide-web providing the infrastructure for business and public services in the digital era, the stakes have risen dramatically. The value of the INTERNET is nowadays considered extremely important in a number of key areas of public life ranging from business, law, local and central government to international politics. Various proposals as to who should be responsible for controlling or even policing the INTERNET have been considered and debated upon over the past few years. The issue has been raised at an unprecedented level with governments of the most powerful countries on the planet locked in serious and longstanding diplomatic negotiations as to which of the super powers should be in control. Yet the less powerful and smaller nations have repeatedly called for the establishment of an international organization to guarantee independent control of the INTERNET. This paper considers the above two proposals and attempts to answer the following questions: a) Do single countries deserve the right of having absolute control and acting as the sole guardian of the ultimate communication medium? b) Would an international organization be the answer? If so, how independent can it be and how much security can it offer to the smaller nations and the individual user? The study of each case is performed on the basis of what criteria would apply in terms of legal framework adopted, transparency of procedures and degree of acceptance of the controlling body on a world wide basis. The ultimate question raised is: can the guardian be trusted and if so how widespread this trust would be? The results of the first INTERNET governance forum meeting in Athens in 2006 and the aims of the second due in Rio de Janeiro in November 2007 are also discussed.

This paper is an epistemological and conceptual discussion on the relationship between culture, identity and globalization. Although, new orthodox theory of modernity tries to prevent from the weakness of the theory of cultural imperialism, but not only neglects the role of the economic factors in impact of globalization upon culture, but also criticize it as a kind of reductionism consciously. The political economy of production and consumption of cultural goods shows that either globalization has any clear meaning of it will be a process of Americanism or westernization. Therefore, the new orthodoxy theory cannot explain the relationship between culture and identity in the real situation of the global world, as well.

Citizenship is one of the most controversial concepts in modern times. Citizenship awareness means knowing citizens about the duties of government and municipality towards citizens and striving to fulfill their RIGHTS and enforce their duties, allowing the individual to intervene consciously in their own destiny, leading to the realization of their RIGHTS and a better life for themselves and other members. It becomes a community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sociological impact of mass media on citizenship awareness. This study utilized an applied navigation method. The population of the study consisted of all students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. 374 students were selected by stratified proportional sampling method. Findings show that students are aware of the level of citizenship awareness and are moderately high among the variables such as satellite, INTERNET, mobile, virtual social networking, socioeconomic status, age, degree and degree. There was a significant relationship between education with the dependent variable of citizenship awareness, and no relationship was found between variables of radio, television use, and study of books, newspapers and magazines, cinema and theater, marriage and ethnicity with gender variable of citizenship awareness; and there is a significant difference in citizenship awareness. Regression results show that these variables predict 16. 2% of the changes related to the dependent variable.